Analysis Of Here s The Heart Of The Matter - 1664 Words

Maria Lagunas K. Goldsmith Exhibition 12 September 2016 Shimmery Influence â€Å"Here’s the heart of the matter: The essence of social media is knowing your audiences and engaging them in something they love†(cite). Social Media has become one of the most influential and powerful sources for many companies. Social media has evolved throughout the years. We are in the year where social media has become a big part of our lives. Overall, social media has truly impacted the beauty industry. The beauty industry has grown over the years and this past year has enormously increased. Due to social media growth, it has influenced the beauty industry to change its concepts of beauty today. Social media has helped the beauty industry enormously to spread out some of the most popular trends of today. First, baking has been used for many years in the drag community but it has become a must in the cosmetic industry. Baking is used in the under eye area for ten to thirty minutes to let the loose powder set into your face by your body heat (Goss). Second, Contouring is giving shape to an area of your face and enhancing the facial structure through makeup (Picardi). Another trend is highlight; highlight will illuminate any skin imperfections, applied to your highest parts of your face (Joynt). The last popular trend is over lining the lips; you first start to apply a lip liner over your natural lip shape making an illusion of a bigger lip. All those trends have become a big hit after socialShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography Of The Yellow Wallpaper1086 Words   |  5 Pagessees her. He acknowledges that she is self-preserved and self-engulfed. The author wants to point ou t that Mrs. Mallard is trying to use her bad health of a weak heart, to have them be overly protective. Her sister Josephine was concerned on how the news would affect her. Mrs. Mallard received the news and immediately goes to her room. Here she is expressing how she can now be free. Her sister comes to the door, and ask if she’s okay. Mrs. Mallard was not ill, she was basking in the news that she couldRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The House On Mango Street1163 Words   |  5 PagesEzra Collins English 9: Tetlak Literary Analysis: The House on Mango Street November 3, 2017 Remember Where Your From The House on Mango Street On average 40,093,000 people in the United States move annually. In the book The House on Mango Street the main character Esperanza and her family are included in this number. They Come very poor roots, and they don t have much money. 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Often this evil side breaks out during times of isolation from our culture, and whenever one culture confronts another. Joseph Conrad s book, The Heart of Darkness and Francis Coppola s movie, Apocalypse Now are both stories about Man s journey into his self, and the discoveries to be made there. They areRead MoreCritique Of The Truth About Leadership1358 Words   |  6 Pagescustodians of the future (45). Furthermore, the other fundamental is that a leader cannot do it alone and this implies that ?leaders are here to serve others, and not the other way around? (Kouzes Posner 2010: 61). The other truth about leadership is that trust rules one?s personal credibility, the ability to get things done, the team?s cohesiveness, the organization?s performance and innovativeness, the brand image and just about everything that a leader does (75). According to the book, challengeRead MoreAnalysis Of F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby 985 Words   |  4 PagesFitzgerald, and an analysis of the architecture reveals multiple aspects of Jay Gatsby himself. Gatsby House is initially described as â€Å" a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy,† (5). Fitzgerald, uses â€Å"factual imitation† to address how the house is an pastiche of the European/French palace-style, accurate in detail, but lacking in the whole impression, which is juxtaposed with Gatsby s place in society. The house in its entirety is a fake, however, the abode, like it s owner containsRead MoreMan Can Not Live Without God1186 Words   |  5 PagesJ. Michael Carpenter AP English Duhram 8/7/16 Man Cannot Live Without God The question â€Å"Can man live without God?† is interesting because most people would argue that it depends on worldview. However through a careful analysis of The Scarlet Letter and Ravi Zacharias’ book Can Man Live Without God a definitive answer can be concluded. The depiction of God’s role in The Scarlet Letter, the antitheistic worldview described in Can Man Live Without God, and a look into how God affects life today

Susan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers Essay - 1164 Words

Susan Glaspell was a prolific author, playwright, journalist and novelist in the early 1900s. Early in her career as a reporter she wrote many articles including the newspaper coverage of a murder trial known as the Hossack Case when she worked for The Des Moines Daily News in Des Moines, Iowa. This murder trial was a much publicized event in which a woman, Margaret Hossack, was accused of murdering her prosperous husband on the couple’s farm in Des Moines. In these newspaper articles dated from December 1900 through April of 1901, Glaspell gave an account of the murder trial where Margaret was eventually convicted of murdering her husband, John Hossack. Shortly after covering the trial, Glaspell quit journalism and started writing novels, short stories and plays. Two of which were based on her coverage of the Hossack Case. One was a one-act play titled â€Å"Trifles† and the other was a short story entitled â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†. During the coverage of the Hossack Case in the newspaper articles, Glaspell writes of the murder trial as it unfolded. The characters she writes about are actual people in a real life situation. As a journalist, Glaspell informed the readers of the newspaper explaining gruesome details of the trail with information provided by the state, witnesses, and the testimony from Mrs. Hossack herself. Within the murder trial articles she reported, Glaspell unintentionally infused herself into the trail by giving her readers a more female point of view. â€Å"AllShow MoreRelatedSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers1408 Words   |  6 PagesGrowing up in Iowa in the 1800s and 1900s, Susan Glaspell took inspiration for many of her stories from personal experiences. As a former courthouse reporter herself, Glaspell’s short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† is based largely on her involvement with a murder case and a kitchen she recalled investigating. â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† a rendition of her ear ly play, Trifles, focuses on the homicide of an abusive husband by his wife. While the men investigating the case overlook the various signs of abuseRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers1174 Words   |  5 Pages A Jury of Her Peers is a short story written by Susan Glaspell in 1917 and follows the investigation of the murder of John Wright, with his wife Minnie Wright being the alleged murderer. Martha and Lewis Hale assist Sheriff Peters and his wife, Mrs. Peters, with investigating the scene of the crime. Throughout the story, women notice significance in their findings, of which the men overlook. The men have a dismissive attitude towards the women, ignoring their contributions. When the women solveRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers995 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent theme in the 1900’s, during a time when women were often treated as second class citizens to men. Susan Glaspell wrote the play â€Å"Trifles,† in 1916, which portrayed how womenâ €™s lives were seen as less significant throughout American society. The following year, Glaspell wrote the short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† which was essentially a longer and more detailed version of â€Å"Trifles.† The stories are alike in many societal implications, since â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† was based off of â€Å"TriflesRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† by Susan Glaspell is now known as a feminist classic. Susan Glaspell first published the play â€Å"Trifles† in 1916 and was adapted to the short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† in 1917. The story was rediscovered in the early 1970s, since then it has been reprinted into textbooks and anthologies. It is said that while Glaspell was working as a reporter she was inspired to write â€Å"Trifles† and â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers.† The stories are inspired by a real murder case she was coverin g. TheRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers999 Words   |  4 PagesFrom beginning to end, Susan Glaspell’s 1917 short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† has several repetitive patterns and symbols that help the reader gain a profound understanding of how hard life is for women at the turn-of-the-century, as well as the bonds women share. In the story two women go with their husbands and county attorney to a remote house where Mr. Wright has been killed in his bed with a rope and he suspect is Minnie, his wife. Early in the story, Mrs. Hale sympathizes with Minnie andRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Jury Of Her Peers1841 Words   |  8 PagesName: ZaZa Horton Professor: Leblanc Course: Anicent Woman in Greece 20 April 2015 Susan Glaspell’s â€Å"Jury of Her Peers† â€Å"Jury of Her Peers† is a short story that revolves around the strange death of john wright. It is a piece of work that exposes sexism on women. Women have been categorized for some time now based on their gender and not on ability and skills. They have always fell at the short end of the stick when compare against men. Nevertheless, there were many similarities as well asRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers878 Words   |  4 Pages In â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† Susan Glaspell crafts an intricate portrayal of these differences, but also provides a closer look at interpersonal relationships in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as how one’s atmosphere may affect the mind. Glaspell’s commentary is clear regarding the standing of men and women of the time, with the male characters being in positions of duty and respect, and the female characters being in positions of maintenance. These choices made by Glaspell allow theRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers Essay1789 Words   |  8 Pagesdefined as the treatment of someone or something with due fairness, but the fairness of a situation is often seen differently, depending upon the viewer. In Susan Glaspell’s, A Jury of Her Peers, the idea of who is capable to fairly judge a person, and therefore serve justice, is examined through the arrest of Mrs. Minnie Wright for the murder of her husband. As the sheriff and others go to the Wrights’ house, the suggestion is made that those empowered by law to cast judgement and those with an understandingRead MoreSusan Glaspell s `` The Yellow Wallpaper `` And A Jury Of Her Peers ``2004 Words   |  9 Pagesof mankind. Women, in part icular, fight for fairness even in today’s society. This everlasting battle can be seen in both â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† by Susan Glaspell. Gilman’s story revolves around a woman who has postpartum depression. Her husband, who is also her physician, uses isolation to try and heal his wife’s â€Å"nervous disease.† Glaspell’s story, on the other hand, describes the murder of a man, with his wife being the prime suspect. Read MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles And A Jury Of Her Peers984 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† and â€Å"Trifles† are similar in plot, Mustazza’s article, â€Å"Generic Translation and Thematic Shift in Susan Glaspell’s ‘Trifles’ and ‘A Jury of Her Peers’† highlights the differences and similarities between the two. Mustazza’s article may help aid readers to unders tand the differences between Glaspell’s two works and provide understanding as to why Glaspell may have changed the genre and form of the plot. â€Å"Trifles† is a dramatic play whereas â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† is prose

The Monster Inside Me Free Essays

I had everything. Loving family, supportive friends, good grades, degree in ballet†¦ etc. Not much, but there’s no shortage for anything. We will write a custom essay sample on The Monster Inside Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now But life isn’t always perfect, especially when the monster inside you starts to show. I was at the dance studio half an hour earlier before the rehearsal starts. Determined to be the best as I got the first role for the upcoming ballet production â€Å"Swan Lake†. I got all the applause and compliments from all the musical directors and choreographers. Everything was meant to be, I was the brightest star. But life isn’t always fair. The door cracked open as I was doing my last stretching before heading to the stage. The director walked in, along with another girl from the ensemble group. â€Å"Charlotte,† She said. â€Å"She will take the lead role from now on, you’ll be her backup,† the director continued. â€Å"Five minutes on stage. † They went out the door. I was stunned. Everything happened in just a blink of an eye. I worked so hard for this role and everything was meant to be. I couldn’t accept the fact that someone is better than me. Someone that can make the choreographers and directors think for a second thought. I wasn’t satisfied. I went up the stage and argued with the director. Thinking of something that could make him change his decision. â€Å"Your figure is not what we want for the role. † I was beaten by that. Never in my life did someone actually point out my imperfection before. I thought I was perfect. I rushed to the toilet to hide my tears. I am strong, or in the other word, I was afraid to lose. High self-esteem is what I got since the day I was born. I highly believe that I was worth everything because I spent much of my time striving to achieve perfection in every aspect of my life. What I did not realize was that in my desperate need to be perfect, I sacrificed the very body and mind that allowed me to live. I looked at myself in the mirror. The reflection of mine started to twist. I saw an ugly, worthless and hopeless girl. Her empty eyes weren’t showing anything but angers. Her body began to grow bigger and bigger. She seemed to be the brightest among all, but when the darkness comes, she’s nothing but an empty shell. From that day onwards, my life changed. I was never happy before. Jealousy was what controlling me. I felt very inadequate and unsuccessful. I started to believe that my life was a failure. And what had caused it like this is no doubt but my weight. I had always been an average size. But I was convinced by my inner voice that I was overweight. I found myself involved in a competition again. But this time, I was competing against myself. I started of with a normal diet. Thought I’ll just lose a few pounds and everything will be okay. I was wrong. When the first pound was lost, I was addicted to the numbers on the scales. My mind became obsessed with beating my body at this game. Though I know I’m slowly killing myself, but jealousy was my biggest motivation. I was dying to win my pride back and prove them wrong. I slowly cut back on what I eat each day. With every portion I didn’t finish or meal I skipped, I told myself that I was succeeding, and in turn, I felt good about myself. That was my darkest secret. I still join my family dinner. Just to avoid my family to notice my odd behaviour. But I felt disgusted and useless after every meal. I was then introduced to purging. Purging had sort of changed my life because I could eat what I want and what I had to do is just purge them out afterwards. My parents had no idea that their loving and caring daughter is a total different soul now. Every time I finished meal I will make a beautiful excuse to my room. They had no idea what is happening behind that door. Toilet bowl and icy tiles was what I face every night. My reflection from the mirror is nothing but an empty soul. My eyes were like two empty holes burning in flames. I just want my role back. My inner voice told me that it will be worth it every time. There, I slide two fingers down my throat and began to purge out everything. Not just the food I ate, but every bit of my soul. The monster inside me had taken over everything I had, purging out my original self. My mind was possessed by jealousy, anger and desperation, and I couldn’t help it. I was lost and desperately searching for the light at the end of the tunnel. Even so, I had never gave up my hope on ballet. I lost a lot of weight, losing more that I could have imagined. I just couldn’t control myself, my soul was lost, life was empty and I couldn’t figure out why. But my spirits were high and I was still so motivated and determined to get my role back. I knew I still had to convince the directors that I was the main star. I saw my reflection on the mirror, I saw the beautiful me. One day before the show, I was on the backstage. Anxiously waiting for the right time like lion waiting for its prey. There she came, going down the stairs. My eyes were flaming. Jealousy had driven me to my limits, the limits where I could do everything just to get my role back. I have to vanish her. I was possessed by the monster inside me, I ran towards her in light speed and pushed her off the stairs with the last energy I reserved. My heart was racing. She was admitted to the hospital. I have no regrets on what I’ve done. Never in my life that I was so happy by the feeling of winning. But I wasn’t me anymore, the bright and loving girl had completely turned into a devil. The feeling of snatching back of what belongs to me was what pleased me. I was insane. Standing on the stage, the lights were on me. I gave a revengeful smile to the directors and as soon as I finished my last step, I collapsed. Heart attack hits me. The sounds of sirens were apparent and soon after, I noticed a medic trying to resuscitate me. I knew my time was done, my heart was failing. It was beating weaker. â€Å"Perfection, I finally found it. It was perfect. † I saw my body, it was lying down on the ground like a doll. There were people mourning and weeping. At first, I couldn’t understand why. I saw more and more people, the people whom I recognized came over, filled with unbearable thoughts of sadness and grief. I knew then I was gone, I was no longer a part of this world. I thought I did what I had to do. In the end, I defeated the purpose and paid it with my life. How to cite The Monster Inside Me, Essay examples

Chivalrous Code Essay Example For Students

Chivalrous Code Essay Chivalry began in the 12th century in the form of a knightly code of conduct, with special emphasis on courtly manners toward women. Thirteenth century stories that showed the ways a warrior should behave in romance became popular . Churchmen liked the idea of high standards and made the knighting ceremony a religious occasion with a church vigil and purifying bath. Books on the subject soon began to appear. Many forms of chivalrous code can be found today, from The Cowboys Code to the Rules of Courtly Love. These codes are stated with the hope that people will try and follow them to some degree; yet only the perfect could adhere to them all. Considering the fact that such perfection is impossible, the authors merely set out a guideline for honorable behavior. In the context of medieval times, a knight was expected to have faith in his beliefs; for faith was considered to give hope against the despair that human failings create. I chose to use The Code of Chivalry for my comparisons on literary characters great successes and failures. For my first example, I chose the brave and fearless Beowulf. According to the 19th code of chivalry, one must Destroy evil in all of its monstrous forms, and also Exhibit courage in word and deed. Beowulf proclaimed to fight the evil Grendel, saying We shall fight for our lives, foe against foe; and he whom death takes off must resign himself to the judgme nt of God (1200). After the battle, the terror-filled Grendel crept away, mortally wounded. Beowulf had upheld this particular code with valor and bravery. For my second example, I looked to Sir Gawain. The story of the Green Knight is seeped with instances of chivalry, and honorable men. Always keep ones word of honor, was an obvious code for this particular story. Not only did Sir Gawain show respect for the codes of chivalry by serving his king, exhibiting courage, and fighting with honor; he kept his words of honor that had been spoken with the Green Knight. Although he was distracted in his course, he kept the appointed new year challenge with the knight. Not a perfect instance of chivalry, yet his example leads nicely into my next character assessment. Don Quixote, if nothing else, must be praised for his valiant efforts to follow the laws of the great knights. After encountering a man beating a half naked youth, he informs him that it is a caitiffs deed to attack one who cannot defend himself. This directly follows the code that one must never use a weapon on an opponent not equal to the attack. Don Quixote also attempts to protect the innocent, avenge the wronged, and defend the weak and innocent. Unfortunately, he fails miserably in aiding the poor boy; as he assumes that the man will keep his word in ceasing the horrid beating. Falstaff of Henry IV shows more concern for others opinions than his own actual purity and honor, which is in direct contrast to Don Quixote. Falstaff tells the prince, in scene II, that he wants to be spoken of a well-behaved man, which belies his actual character in the play. Falstaff is said to be alternately a rake, a swashbuckling good fellow, a ladies man, and a pious innocent ruined by bad company . Not only is he failing to live ones life so that it is worthy of respect and honor, but he is clearly lacking loyalty . . . to the code of chivalry. Last, but not least, I chose to look to Chaucer for hints of chivalric values. Not only do the gentlemen during the telling of the Wife of Baths Tale choose to ignore the credence to Respect women, the woman herself does not inspire the need to respect, defend, or otherwise follow codes of chivalry and courtly love. Her prologue is a lusty tale, that leads into a tale of equal trickery and of marital sorrows. The knight in that particular tale can be applauded for upholding his word with the witch; yet, any applause given would have to be soft after reading of his former misdeeds. All in all, we were presented with many deeds, and misdeeds, of chivalry and honor. Lust, baudiness, and the will to have a little fun were all tempered with underlying wishes for respect, honor, and valor. Each character fit into his or her own particular scale of principles, lending entertainment and examples for all who are brave enough to read about them. Should you succeed in even a tiny measure then y ou will be well remembered for your quality and virtue. .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 , .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 .postImageUrl , .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 , .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115:hover , .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115:visited , .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115:active { border:0!important; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115:active , .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115 .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5854a6723215969a37427943ca41a115:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The deathmetal bands of today EssayBibliography:

A best Novel essays

A best Novel essays A best strategy in a novel is one in Pet sitting Here the plan is for the apartment building to burn down because the owner is having financial problems and he needs the insurance money nick the main character in. The book goes to the apartment to pet sit four different animals at the back of the apartment are older folks and the two young men are out most nights It just so happens the night nick decides to sleep at the apartment because the pet owner is out of town something happens As he is coming back from walking the dog the animal chases off in the alley. Nick and his friend follows they see the fire rescue and with the help of a hose the fire did not spread nick realizes the dog must have seen someone in the alley. So the first attempt to set the fire was failed. Suddenly the owner sends repair men to the apartment to fix it up. Eventually most of the apartment light is not working Some thing even stranger happens the dogs are suddenly sick and weak. Nick does not seem to understand. Without the repairmen knowing nick had to sleep again the apartment. He heard noise coming into the apartment and he hid. He hears the repair men talking everything. They made sure the lights were working so he the occupants would go some where else to stay. They even posioned the dog so they would not bark at them Suddenly nicks could see them pouring gas all over the apartment they were going to try again. But nick was quick thinking with the dogs sick he got Eloise the cat who liked scratching and running around to attack the workmen. He was then able to escape and get help and all the bad guys were arrested. ...

How Should a Research Paper Abstract Look Like

How Should a Research Paper Abstract Look Like How Should a Research Paper Abstract Look Like Every student gets a bit nervous when hearing about a research paper. It is quite a difficult task, as it is not a personal opinion on a subject and not a simple review of a book or a movie. It is a serious piece of work, which includes research, analysis of multiple sources and providing a personal view on the topic. You should not only provide evidence on a certain topic but also demonstrate your writing skills, vocabulary knowledge and all the necessary features of an experienced writer. When you are assigned with a research paper, you may be asked to complete an abstract. Despite its small size, an abstract is quite a confusing assignment and many students don’t know how to complete it. However, don’t panic if you were assigned with such a task! Just go on reading and we will provide you with all the necessary details. Definition If some of you don’t know, an abstract is a summary of the bigger project, i.e. a research paper or anything else. It aims to give the reader a chance to understand the goal of the research, used methodology, results and possible conclusions. You need to remember that an abstract describes your project, not the topic itself, so before completing an abstract, it is highly recommended to finish your research paper to know what main details to include. The main idea of an abstract is to inform the reader about your paper. For example, if you discuss gun control you don’t need to explain what it is about. You need to write about the results of your research, how many cases of violence are known and so on. Leave theoretical part to your research paper and concentrate on the key points in the abstract. Abstract types There are different types of abstracts, including:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descriptive. It is probably one of the most popular types of abstracts. A descriptive abstract only summarizes information on the paper without any comparison to other works;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critical. On contrary to descriptive abstracts, a critical one also provides a judgment on the projects importance and validity, comparing it to other papers of the same field;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Informative, which aims to give the reader general information on the research paper, your results and conclusions. You don’t need to compare your paper to others but you need to make recommendations if possible;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Highlight. It is quite a rare abstract type and its main goal is to grab reader’s interest and motivate him to read the research paper. Elements your abstract should consist of It doesn’t matter what abstract type you need to complete, as all of them should consist of four main elements. Make sure you are able to provide all of these elements before writing the abstract itself. Objective. This information can be considered the skeleton of your abstract, so you need to be very careful and attentive when competing it. Your objective should consist of a couple sentences, placed in the beginning, and explain your motivation to research a topic or describe the problem you are planning to solve; Methodology. Here you need to describe what methods you have used to research a topic and to get all the necessary results. There are different types of methods, depending on the subject, topic or field of research. For example, if you are writing an abstract on a social science, you can describe all the processes you have completed. If it is a humanities research, you can explain methodological tools and theoretical assumptions; Obtained results. This part of your abstract doesn’t need an explanation, as it is more than obvious. You need to express all the results you have obtained during your research. If it is not finished yet, you can make prognosis for the future or provide your assumptions on the possible outcome; Conclusions. It doesn’t matter what written assignment you are completing: conclusions always aim to summarize everything you have stated above. That is why your abstract’s conclusions should describe the results of your research. Think of the answers to the question ‘What these results can mean?’ and just write them down. In some cases, you may be asked to start your abstract with an introductory section. It consists of a couple sentences, which aim to explain theoretical basis for the research. However, in most of the cases, this section is omitted and you can start with an objective section. Things to avoid in your abstract When looking for guidelines on completing a certain paper, students are usually searching for the lists of things to include to their assignment. However, it is also important to know what things to avoid. That is why we have created a list of elements, which you need to exclude from your abstract to make it interesting and correct:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jargon or slang;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abbreviations;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Watery text. Don’t try to boost the number of words. Just stick to the point;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pictures, tables, graphs and any other visual materials;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Long introduction. Your abstract shouldn’t contain theoretical information, so even if you have interesting background data on the topic, leave it for the research paper;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Confusing definitions;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not important details, which simply distract the reader from your main goals. Steps to complete You already know what the abstract is about, what elements it should consist of and what items to avoid. Now it is a right time to learn what steps to complete to write a first-class abstract on your own. Always remember that you don’t need to increase the word count artificially, as an abstract should always be clear and straight to the point. Focus on the facts and give the reader a chance to understand your research paper through your abstract. Steps to complete an abstract include: Write your abstract only when your research paper is completed. You won’t be able to write a clear, interesting and relevant abstract without a general picture of your research paper. It will take lots of time to complete and you will hardly provide adequate information on the research; Take the key elements of your objective and conclusions from the corresponding sections of your research paper. Instead of spending time on writing everything anew, you can summarize everything in a brief mode and include to your abstract; Note down everything you did, when completing your research. Such notes will be of a great use, when completing the methodology paragraph. In such a way, you will complete a whole section without any efforts; To check whether your abstract is written correctly, ask yourself what the aim of your research was, how the research was completed, how you obtained the results and what they meant; Once your abstract is ready, read it carefully and delete unnecessary information. Be as brief as possible not to bore the reader; When you have deleted extra information, read your abstract again and make sure it corresponds with your research paper. Remember that your abstract should render general information of the paper, so you shouldn’t add anything new; For the last time you need to read your abstract attentively to find all possible mistakes, like grammar, punctuation, vocabulary usage and sentence structure. Even if your abstract contains outstanding information, you may risk getting low grades for a poor language. Make sure you spend enough time on proofreading and editing; Finally your abstract is ready. Breathe out and send it to your tutor! Things to remember   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It may not be so obvious but you need to pay attention to the length of your sentences. Many long sentences may bore the reader, as well as short ones may seem like they lack deep meaning. Combine two types of sentences for a better structure and they will be readable and smooth. Break long sentences into smaller ones if possible;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ask your professor whether using passive voice is appropriate. It may be a mistake in some of the cases, so you should know all the guidelines well in advance not to have to rewrite everything;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apply past tense for the cases, when your research has already been finished;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ask someone to check your abstract or read it aloud to understand whether it is smooth and readable. Conclusions Research paper is probably one of the most popular and widespread assignments among colleges in all parts of the world. It requires careful attention to details, as well as creating an abstract, which is a short summary of all the issues you have discussed in your research. Such abstracts may become a real headache but they are very easy to complete if you know main rules and features. Be brief, use only credible information from your research paper. In such a way, your abstract will be interesting and complete! In case you still have doubts, contact us or visit our blog for additional details.

Motivation Towards Becoming a Physician Assistant Personal Statement

Motivation Towards Becoming a Physician Assistant - Personal Statement Example On other occasions, I attend a postpartum mother in disseminated intravascular coagulation, a heart surgery that has gone bad, or a severe gastrointestinal bleeder. I handled different cases like these every day and it has not only taught me how to manage a situation in a stressful environment but also the importance of working together in a medical team. However, as soon as the physician ceases issuing orders, the interaction I had with a patient stops. Every patient then becomes just another sample and a name. Despite the satisfaction I derive from being a part of a recovery team, my role leaves me with questions about the patient's conditions and recovery, to which I receive no answers. This imbibed a feeling within me that I should do something more than just the mechanical duties. I wanted also to experience the humanitarian part of actually caring for a patient. Even though labs play a crucial role in diagnosis, I still feel that I am not contributing much towards the caring aspect in the performance of my duties as a health worker. Therefore, I started volunteering in the emergency and neonate intensive care unit where I worked.

Child Developmental theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Child Developmental theories - Essay Example Three of the theories can help direct the physical and occupational therapy on children include Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson’s psychoanalytic child development theories and Jean Piaget To begin with, the application of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory in physical and occupational theory can be of great value in the sense that emphasizes the importance of childhood experiences and events on development. Unlike other theorists, Freud focused mainly on the mental disorders, as opposed to normal functioning in child development. In his theory, Freud described child development in a series of psychosexual stages. The stages, according to Freud include oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. In this regard, Freud noted that each of the stages require the satisfaction of a libidinal needs which can also play an important role during adulthood. Freud also found out that it is not easy for a child to complete each of the stages successfully and noted that a child would develop a fixation that would later impact adult personality and behavior. Therefore, understanding this theory might help physical and occupational therapists in applying effective therapies on childr en by taking regard their developmental stages and patterns. Another developmental theory that can be of value to therapists is Erik Erickson’s emotional psychological development theory. This theory was build upon Freud’s earlier works. Erickson identified eight important stages in a child’s development. According to Erickson, each of these stages is marred by a conflict that must be resolved in order for a child to develop emotionally and socially. In addition, he noted that each stage has both negative and positive outcome, though people tend to be at either ends of the spectrum. Erickson also noted that the failure of success in dealing with the crisis in each of the stages

Proposal Preparation and Ethical Issue Research Paper

Proposal Preparation and Ethical Issue - Research Paper Example It is critical to use the Standard Form 33, provided with this RFP, as this is the format used by the DDC in solicitation. No further ethical concerns seem relevant to the completion of this particular form. II. List of Costs/Prices associated with requested Supplies/Services This response component requires a firm/fixed price (FFP) regarding the relevant contractual line items, with considerations made for additional or follow-on requirements relevant to each section as provided in the provided form, especially as regards the Base Period of one year and the Optional Period of three years. Section B of the form provides instructions for completion of the FFP relevant to each cost/price center for the line items, as commented upon below. Line items are as follows: 1. Sixty Day Start-up 2. Stock Transfer 3. Phase-In, Distribution Operation 4. Phase-In, Contractor Furnished Equipment for Distribution 5. Facilities (with Option for Office Space) 6. Mobilization 7. Preventative Maintenanc e 8. Material Support/Other Direct Costs (presented as cost reimbursement/no fees) 9. Phase-Out (optional) 10. Reporting Requirements and Exhibits. The ethical considerations for completion of this component include an accurate representation of the contractor pricing considerations, especially as regards subcontracts, fringe and other indirect costs, and profit. All pricing considerations should be done in accordance with general government procurement allowances and should accurately reflect contractor requirements and government specifications, except where and unless noted specifically by amendment concerns attached to the bid proposal. III. Specifications and Work Performance Statement This section of the proposal response should indicate that the contractor has read accurately the provided work specifications and performance statements relevant to this RFP and should indicate acceptance of the said requirement unless otherwise noted. The contractor has a required ethical oblig ation to comply with both the stated work specifications and scheduled delivery expectations, and the reporting requirements presented in an acceptable format as determined by the owner/agency. In the case of this specific RFP, one possible concern that must be addressed within the response is the acceptance of the Quality/Performance Evaluation system listed on page 14/87 of the RFP. Contractor has an obligation to meet these requirements throughout the award period, stated as from award date through one year (unless optional three year period is negotiated). IV. Schedule/Delivery of Performance This proposal component requires a full response to both the required and optional periods relevant to the performance of work. The RFP provides for a required base response and an optional three year response that may be exercised if agreed upon. Contractor must state compliance capability with regard to both approaches. The ethical considerations that the contractor holds with regard to t his section include a willingness and capacity to comply with stated fixed prices throughout the awarded period, whether the base period or optional period are exercised. V. Contract Administration

The E-Health Consumer

The E-Health Consumer Wilkins (1999, p. 30) summarizes the E-health consumer when he states that: In this new era of consumerism in health care, consumers are going to take ownership of in-formation about themselves and demand value in exchange for it, such as better clinical out-comes and better service. The concept of the information-empowered consumer is growing rapidly, and the days in which only certain â€Å"qualified† medical professionals create and dis-seminate medical information are receding. Consumers seeking information about health-related information have more options today than they had in the past .Available technology provides consumers with more outlets to seek information with a sense of empowerment. . The internet is a source of easy and quick access to information including health information. The internet has reinvented the way consumers search for information and has influenced decision making process especially in the health care industry. In general, health care-related information seekers can be motivated in several ways. (Williams et al. (2003) highlights that people might be searching for information as a healthcare professional, as a consumer trying to diagnosis his illness or as a patient to complement information from a doctor or for general interest browsing. Several studies indicate that the search for health information online is increasing (Ahmann, 2000; Wilkins, 1999; Natesan, 2005). Consumers are accessing health-related web sites in growing numbers and finding information that were once protected. Larson et al. (2004) however claims that co online information search is perceived as being more risky than other channels of information by consumers (Larson et al., 2004). Moreover Tan-Torres ( 2000) points out that the inconsistency in the quality of e-health information is a matter of concern as there is an increasing number of websites which offer a large variety of information. Therefore the consumer should be sceptical about all web sites, they should look for code of conduct labels or other quality labels that may communicate whether a site is reputable and should remember to communicate with doctors or medical professionals openly about web site usage as a means of obtaining health care information. 2.08 â€Å"Will you adopt online procurement of Medication?† – Role of cognitive factors Consumers’ self-awareness underlies their rational planning of future purchase behaviours relative to perceived consequences. The application of socio-cognitive factors to consumers’ proclivity toward (or aversion to) Internet exchange processes is evidenced across a host of effects applications in the social sciences literature. In addition to cognitive and personality variables that have been explored as predictors of online behaviour such as neuroticism, locus of control, shyness, extroversion, and risk-aversion(Amichai-Hamburger Ben-Artzi, 2000;AmichaiHamburger,Wainapel, Fox, 2002; Chak Leung, 2004; Gupta, Su, Walter, 2004) , there are other important cognitive factors, such as self-efficacy and objectivism, that influence consumers’ pharmaceutical procurement decisions via the Internet. 2.8.1 Impact of Self –Regulation on the procurement of medication online. Self-regulation is considered as an internal control mechanism that regulates individuals’ behaviours (Bandura, 1986). Social cognitive theory posits that these internal control mechanisms influence both attitudes and behaviours. Higgins (1998) suggested that individuals with a promotion focus are more motivated by the benefits that will accrue to them by taking actions, whereas people who are prevention focused will place more importance on safety. Promotion focused individuals use â€Å"eager strategies,† whereas those with prevention focus prefer â€Å"vigilant strategies† (Crowe Higgins, 1997). Online shopping has been associated with the prevention focus in individuals because of the security concerns and inherent risks (Miyazaki Fernandez, 2001; Fennis, Kerkhof, van Noort, 2006; van Noort, Kerkhof, Fennis, 2007). Moreover, Higgins (1998) stated that while self-regulation is not an inherent individual difference factor, it may still manifest differences across individuals. Online shopping has been associated with the prevention focus in individuals because of the security concerns and inherent risks (Miyazaki Fernandez, 2001; Fennis, Kerkhof, van Noort, 2006; van Noort, Kerkhof, Fennis, 2007). However in the case of shopping pharmaceuticals online it might not be similar. In the case of purchasing medications online from illegitimate Web pharmacies, consumers are voluntarily engaging in several potentially risk-laden decisions such as fear associated with online acquisition, uncertainty related to suppliers’ integrity and product quality and the qualms linked to self–initiated rather than physician mediated health care decisions. Online shopping is often associated with convenience, but this may not be the principal consideration in the case of self-initiated purchase of medication from online pharmacies. The predominant motivating factors in online pharmaceutical procurement are cost reduction for medications and obtaining medications that are not easily accessible through brick-and-mortar retail pharmacy channels. Thus, it may be speculated that consumers are acting with a promotion focus rather than a prevention focus. According to regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1998; Crowe Higgins, 1997; Zhou Pham, 2004), promotion focus is associated with the willingness to engage in risk-laden behaviours for specific goal attainment. 2.8.2 Health Value its impact on online Procurement of medication. Health value has often been investigated as a moderator as well as an antecedent of health-related behavior (Jayanti Burns, 1998; Ugland, 1989; Tapler, 1996; Lau, Hartman, Ware, 1986). It is an individual’s assessment of the value of engaging in health-related behavior (Jayanti Burns, 1998). According to Rotter (1954), people who believe concurrently that they have control over their health and that they value their health are more likely to engage in health related behaviour than their contemporaries who do not. Higgins (2002) points out that promotion-focused decision maker will consider promotion relevant value dimensions as more important, and vice versa in the case of prevention-focused decision makers. This means that the promotion-relevant aspects such as staying healthy will be considered in the decision to purchase from online pharmacies by promotion-focused consumers. On the other hand, prevention-focused consumers are more likely to focus on the negative aspects of the action (e.g., counterfeit drugs, reactions with other medications, lack of support of a doctor). 2.8.3 Self Efficacy its impact on online procurement of medication Self-efficacy has been found to be a consistent predictor of health behaviour by many researchers (Tapler, 1996; Janz Becker, 1984; Strecher et al., 1986; Block Keller, 1997; Jayanti Burns, 1998). However, its application has been limited to specific health conditions or diseases, and it has rarely been applied to a field such as online procurement of medications. An individual’s promotion focus has been related to the higher self-efficacy associated with health behaviours by previous researchers (e.g., Keller, 2006).This means that consumers high in self-efficacy are willing to engage even in risky and new alternatives to achieve their objectives (Keller, 2006; Crowe Higgins, 1997).Thus, with reference to regulatory focus theory, one can argue that self-efficacious individuals will have a higher propensity to procure medications from online pharmacies as compared to the prevention-focused, low-self-efficacy group. Further, it has been argued that self-efficacy beliefs influence consumers’ choice behaviours (Bandura, 1986; Litt, 1988; Bagozzi, 1993), especially in challenging situations. These situations that call for self-driven coping may compel consumers to find ways and means to cope with the challenge, encouraging them to take actions that may even be perceived to be more risky. Rising costs and difficulties involved in procuring many medications through traditional channels of distribution present today’s health care consumers with such challenging situations. Online procurement of medication is seen by consumers as a self-driven coping strategy aimed at cost containment and waiting-time reduction (for doctors’ prescriptions) (Erdem Chandra, 2003). However, safety, ethical, and legal concerns associated with the online procurement of medications suggests that a consumer with low self-efficacy may be less willing to purchase medications online compared to those posses sing high levels of self-efficacy 2.8.4 Health Locus of Control its impact on the procurement of online medication. Health locus of control refers to the perception of controllability in health-related situations. Since perceived control has been found to influence behaviour (Skinner, 1996; Sprott, Brumbaugh, Miyazaki, 2001), it is important to understand how health locus of control would influence consumer behaviour related to procuring medications online (i.e., channel choice). Wallston, Wallston, and DeVellis (1978) conceptualized it as a three dimensional construct consisting of internal, powerful others, and chance dimensions. These three dimensions are distinguished from each other based on who the person ascribes the responsibility for his/her health to. If he/she believes that his/her own actions dictate his/her health, the person is considered to have a high internal health locus of control. Similarly, the person who believes his/her health to be dependent on a powerful other, such as a physician, will be high in powerful others health locus of control. The belief that health results by chance is categorized as chance health locus of control. Rotter (1975) stated that the three dimensions of health locus of control can be categorized based on their internal or external orientations. According to Rotter (1975), the three dimensions of health locus of control can be categorized based on their internal or external orientations. The categorizations of individuals into internals and externals is based on whether they perceive that the results (of their behaviours) are dependent on themselves (internal locus of control) or outside their control (external locus of control) (Rotter,1966; Strickland, 1978; Norman Bennett, 1996; Armitage, 2003; Wallston, Wallston, DeVellis, 1978). According to Rajasree and Lou E.( 2009) online procurement of medications, due to its inherent risk content, may be a health behaviour that is likely to be avoided by consumers with external locus of control (i.e., powerful others health locus of control and chance health locus of control). If a person believes in the ability of a powerful other (e.g., his physician) to deal with the problem (illness), she/he is likely to rely on the physician’s advice rather than procure medications online by her/himself. Similarly, consumers with high chance health locus of control are less likely to try their luck by buying from unknown sources. Health locus of control is just a domain specific form of control. Therefore, it can be speculated that consumers high in internal health locus of control will seek to buy online, as it gives them more control over their purchases. These control factors include cost savings, expansive product choice, and even additional medication accessibility. In accord with regulatory focus theory, consumers with internal locus of control (i.e., promotion-focused individuals) are willing to take risks and try new options to achieve their goals of obtaining medication that will alleviate their problems. 2.8.5 Objectivism its impact on the procurement of online medication According to Leary et al. (1986), objectivism is the â€Å"tendency to base one’s judgments and beliefs on empirical information and rational considerations† (p. 36). Individuals who are objective in nature will place more emphasis on information obtained from empirical supports during decision making. Regulatory focus theory suggests that prevention-focused individuals are more concerned with security, safety, and protection in general (Higgins, 1998; Higgins Spiegel, 2004). Pham and Avnet (2004) assert that promotion-focused individuals rely more on affective information rather than objective information. Thus, it can also be argued that since objectivism is more associated with prevention focus rather than promotion focus, objective consumers may stay away from online procurement of drugs. 2.8.6 Gender, Income, Educational Status and Insurance Status impact on online medication procurement Many studies have identified the gender differences that exist in health care consumption behaviors (e.g., Conner Norman, 1996; Stelmach et al., 2004; Green Pope, 1999). These studies find women to be more proactive in seeking health care services and to be more involved in health-related behaviors. On the other hand, online shopping literature finds men to have a greater propensity to shop online than women (Otnes McGrath, 2001; Shim, Eastlick, Lotz, 2000; Briones, 1998; Rajamma Neeley, 2005). Garbarino and Strahilevitz (2004) stated that one reason for this difference could be the higher perception of risk associated with buying online among women Very few studies have examined the influence of income, educational status, or insurance status on the consumer’s propensity to procure medications online. One of the motivating factors for any consumer in procuring medications online is the lower cost. The conclusion from this argument is that lower-income consumers may prefer procuring medications online than their higher-income counterparts. However, it is to be noted here that the lower income consumers may not always have Internet access (Jump for Web Prescription Sales, 2004) and may not have the knowledge or familiarity with the different technologies involved to be successful Internet shoppers. Rajasree and Lou E. (2009) stated that in spite of the hypothesized differences across consumers with respect to their propensity to procure medications online based on income and level of education, no differences are expected based on consumers’ insurance coverage. Low-income consumers are less likely to have insurance coverage than higher income consumers. Consumers without insurance coverage are likely to abstain from buying medications from brick-and-mortar or Internet-based pharmacies as far as they can help it, since they have to pay for it anyway. On the other hand, consumers with insurance coverage are likely to be indifferent to where they buy the medications, as their insurance covers the cost.

John Cabell Breckinridge :: essays research papers

John Cabell Breckinridge One day I was walking around the grounds at the capitol building in Frankfort. There sitting alone in the First Lady’s rose garden on a bench was a solemn looking fellow. He looked very distressed and confused. So, I inquired if he was feeling well or needed something. He replied that he had just discovered everyone he had ever loved was gone and for some odd reason he was all that was left. I wasn’t sure what he meant by that so I sat down beside him. He was dressed quit dapper in a dark suit with an upturned collar and some sort of fanciful scarf wrapped around his neck very tightly like a tie. I also noticed his shoes appeared to fit either foot and he had a bright gold watch chain. I thought all this was very odd, and assumed he may have been a reenacter at the capitol building. I began to inquire about his behavior the following is the account of this bizarre conversation. I started by introducing myself, he said his name was Gen. John Breckinridge and he was in search of Gov. Leslie. I thought this was odd because Leslie was governor in the late 1800†s (1871-75). At first I told him Paul Patton was the governor this seemed to confuse him greatly. He asked me where I procured my clothing, I told him in Carrollton. He then asked if I knew Gen. Butler. I replied that I had only known his name and who he was and that I had never met him. As he began to tell me about Butler, his own life and some of the places he had been, I could do nothing but sit and listen in awe. He told me that he was born Jan., 21st 1821 and during his younger years he had studied law at several colleges. These included Transylvania University were he earned his Associates in Arts degree, then continued studying law at Centre College and graduated from Princeton University in 1839. He had gone to Iowa to practice law with a partner Thomas Bullock who was also from the Lexington area. I asked why he went so far to practice, his answer was that this was about as far west you could go and still be â€Å"civilized†. Also he speculated in land and owned several plots in this northwestern state. John Cabell Breckinridge :: essays research papers John Cabell Breckinridge One day I was walking around the grounds at the capitol building in Frankfort. There sitting alone in the First Lady’s rose garden on a bench was a solemn looking fellow. He looked very distressed and confused. So, I inquired if he was feeling well or needed something. He replied that he had just discovered everyone he had ever loved was gone and for some odd reason he was all that was left. I wasn’t sure what he meant by that so I sat down beside him. He was dressed quit dapper in a dark suit with an upturned collar and some sort of fanciful scarf wrapped around his neck very tightly like a tie. I also noticed his shoes appeared to fit either foot and he had a bright gold watch chain. I thought all this was very odd, and assumed he may have been a reenacter at the capitol building. I began to inquire about his behavior the following is the account of this bizarre conversation. I started by introducing myself, he said his name was Gen. John Breckinridge and he was in search of Gov. Leslie. I thought this was odd because Leslie was governor in the late 1800†s (1871-75). At first I told him Paul Patton was the governor this seemed to confuse him greatly. He asked me where I procured my clothing, I told him in Carrollton. He then asked if I knew Gen. Butler. I replied that I had only known his name and who he was and that I had never met him. As he began to tell me about Butler, his own life and some of the places he had been, I could do nothing but sit and listen in awe. He told me that he was born Jan., 21st 1821 and during his younger years he had studied law at several colleges. These included Transylvania University were he earned his Associates in Arts degree, then continued studying law at Centre College and graduated from Princeton University in 1839. He had gone to Iowa to practice law with a partner Thomas Bullock who was also from the Lexington area. I asked why he went so far to practice, his answer was that this was about as far west you could go and still be â€Å"civilized†. Also he speculated in land and owned several plots in this northwestern state.

Pragmatic Ways To Prevent Road Crashes

Driving may be the most dangerous activity with which we are involved. Government estimated the death of 4,000 people and injury of 5000 per annum but according to study of WHO in 2009 the yearly death is more than 20,000. Worldwide, the number of people killed in road traffic accident each year is estimated at almost 1. 2 million, while the number injured could be as high as 50 million. Road traffic injuries constitute a major public health and development crisis, and are predicted to increase manifold gradually.With the number of vehicles rapidly rising in developing countries, road accident is quickly worsening in low and middle-income countries and is on its way to becoming the third leading cause of death and disabilities as epidemic by the year 2020 (WHO 2000) after two deadly diseases Ischaemic heart disease and Unipolar major depression. The total number of road traffic deaths worldwide and injuries is forecast to rise by some 65% between 2000 and 2020, and in least developed and developing countries deaths are expected to increase by as much as 80%.Another statistics revealed that Bangladesh has one of the highest fatality rates internationally in road accidents, over 100 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles. Some US government departments campaign in 1997, encouraging the removal of the word â€Å"accident† from the traffic management vocabulary and suggested replacing it with the word â€Å"crash. † Because â€Å"Motor vehicle crashes and injuries are predictable, preventable events. Continued use of the word â€Å"accident† promotes the concept that these events are outside of human influence or control. In fact, they are predictable results of specific actions†.â€Å"We can identify their causes and take action to avoid them. These are not ’acts of God,’ but predictable results of the laws of physics†. The profiles of fatal road accidents or crush are, – fatal accidents mainly occur on national hi ghways; predominantly involve vehicles hitting pedestrians. The highest number of fatal accidents by far involve heavy vehicles like buses, minibuses and Trucks). The highest number of fatalities per accident occurs when vehicles collide head on and killed predominantly young persons.The causes of Road accident are identified from the studies are 1.  reckless driving; 2. over- speeding; 3. over- loading; 4. vehicular defects; 5. lack of knowledge and consciousness of the road users; 6. hazardous roads & road environments; 7. lack of training to the drivers; 8. lack of training of maintenance of vehicles; 9. poor implementation of Traffic rules & regulations; 10. driving under influence of alcohol, drugs etc. ; 11. Non use of helmets, seat belts etc. ; 12. walk on the roads instead of using the footpath; 13. cross the road without using the foot over bridge; 14. drive the vehicles by helpers instead of Drivers; 15.  illegal competition to overtake the vehicle. Studies showed that human behavioral factors collectively represent the main cause of three out of five road traffic crashes, and contribute to the cause in most remaining cases.Here importance should be given on human behavior from both vehicle operators and users aspects. Interestingly, in all cases people use to blame anyone of participants in the incident. Drivers could be rated as either ‘to blame’, ‘at least partly to blame’, or ‘not to blame’ in any given accident. But there were also many other reasons of accident like  -unforeseen mechanical failure etc. Bangladesh has lack of policy formulation and lack effective vehicle monitoring authority and enforcement forces.Due to lack of vehicle monitoring and regular vehicle maintenance unsafe vehicles run on the roads. Besides poor enforcements of traffic and highway regulations and lack of strength of enforcement authorities are considerably â€Å"promoting† traffic accidents. Various research findin gs have presented strong evidence of an association between traffic conditions and crash probability. For example, vehicle speed has been associated with crashes in numerous studies.The variability in speed and car density increases the likelihood of a crash increases. A higher crash frequency was observed during the peak period and, counter intuitively, with normal weather conditions. The best option to reduce crashes and their side effects has recently prompted research for proactive approaches in order to avoid crash occurrence in the first place. One of the most promising options gaining wide acceptance in recent years is the concept of detecting crash-prone traffic conditions and warning drivers when the likelihood of a crash is high in order to increase their attentiveness, thereby reducing the number of crashes.The study and evidence suggests that when driver attentiveness increases, crashes decline in spite of poor driving and environmental conditions. The measures recommend ed throughout the world are: 1. avoid reckless driving, over speeding and over loading, 2. defective vehicles can not be derived; 2. provide adequate training to drivers and pedestrians; 3. roads should be properly constructed & maintained; 4. strong implementation of traffic rules & regulations; 5. pedestrians have to use the footpath instead of walking on the road; 6. safe driving without having alcohol, drugs etc. must be ensured; 7.Use foot over bridge or zebra crossing while passing the road;. 8. Utilize helmets, seat belts, etc. ; 9. 100% concentration is required while driving the Vehicle etc and 10. Massive awareness campaigns for public awareness of the road safety. The awareness and training of all participants can reduce road crush to a significant numbers. It is possible through education of pedestrians, particularly children, women, aged on safe practices when near the road. The education of drivers, particularly heavy vehicle drivers, about road rules and safe driving practices is a must for a country like Bangladesh.The enforcement of laws is very poor in our country. An increased enforcement of Regulations regarding unsafe vehicle condition and others are demand of the day. The increased enforcement of law and regulations regarding reckless or dangerous driving is a must for Bangladesh. One the other hand, rationalization of inappropriate activities on, adjacent to or near the road is crying need of the time. Roads and highways are use for Bazar, parking, cross road passing and use of highways by slow moving vehicles creates risk of accidents. There must be provision of facility where appropriate for conflicting road uses.Improvements of narrow and deteriorated bridges, culverts and lanes in the highways are a must. The appropriate provision of road signs and pavement markings throughout the network, and removal of any obstruction to the placement and effective vehicle regulation is very essential for all roads of the country. The road infrastr uctures need safety audit and safety conscious planning of new road may be taken immediately. A small changes or improvements in road layout and use of roundabouts and treatments of roadway shoulders can improve road efficiency. The Intersection designs of flaring, channelization, traffic islands etc.  may be incorporated and provision for and augmentation of adequate pedestrian facilities.Treatments of roadside hazards lie trees, ditches, other fixed objects like electric pools, Gas meter /stations should be well planned to avoid obstruction on the road. There may be provision of special facilities for non-motorised vehicles and designated truck/bus lanes and installation of delineation devices (lane markings, guide posts, chevrons) to facilitate and guide traffic movements. Control device for over speeding and dangerous undesirable overtaking including traffic calming measures.Compulsory helmet use for motorcyclists and effective enforcement of laws and sanctions against alcohol impaired drivers and compulsory use of seatbelts by motor vehicle operators and car occupants including child should be effectively enforced. Bangladesh has a moderately written Motor Vehicle Ordinance 1983 providing for non-bailable detention and capital punishment for reckless driving and silent killings on the roads. Such law is not only for punishment of offender drivers but it should be a regulatory law for providing safe road but unfortunately the law is perceived for punishment of drivers.Currently drivers are tried under Sections 304 (A), 304 (B) and 279, all bailable. While one can be given five years under the first section, the offenders can be awarded the highest three years’ jail in the remaining two sections. The civil society and some organizations campaigning for safe road if fact also demanding amendment of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) and the Penal Code as well as Motor vehicle Act to penalise the rash drivers of motor vehicles to ensure road safety i n the country and to enhance the road crush as offence for capital punishment without considering other major factors of road crush.The proposed amendment to the section 304 (A) says, â€Å"Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years to 10 years with fine or both. † â€Å"Whoever causes the death of any person, by rash or negligent driving of any vehicle or riding on any public way, not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years to seven years with fine or both,† according to the proposed amended section of 304 (B) of the penal code.The proposed amendment to the section 338 (A) says, â€Å"Whoever causes grievous injury to any person by driving any vehicle or riding on any public way so rashly or negligently as to endang er human life or the personal safety of others shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one years to five years with fine or both. † Some time police use to file case against drivers under penal code section 302,whichis non bailable and can fetch the death penalty.On the other hand, the Truck drivers association demanded that no case be filed against drivers under Section 302. Driver should not face charges of intentional killing for all the accidents those may be also â€Å"accidental† killing. Drivers have taken one of the riskiest professions to serve the society. The question of professional immunity for unintentional killing is a major concern for drivers.They should be the right of defending themselves for unintentional killing or death for the mistake of victim or defective road or transport etc. The director of Accident Research Institute (ARI) of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) has the o bservation that â€Å"Can we not term it an intentional offence when a driver hits the road with an unfit vehicle, violates traffic rules, like crossing speed limits, changing lanes abruptly, overtaking other vehicles frequently, resulting in deaths?†A road traffic crash results from a combination of factors related to the components of the system comprising roads, the environment, vehicles and road users, and the way they interact. Identifying the risk factors that contribute to road traffic crashes is important in identifying interventions that can reduce the risk associated with those factors A mere increase of punishments of drivers for all kind of accident cannot serve the purpose of safe journey in the road.The global policy is prevention of road crush not the punishment of drivers, one of the road users. Our problem is failure to implementation of the laws. This is an inefficiency of management. Rather, we should have policy of safer people, safer roads, safer vehicles through improvement of safety measures and proper education to all road users including drivers and implementation of existing laws. Pragmatic Ways to Prevent Road Crashes Driving may be the most dangerous activity with which we are involved. Government estimated the death of 4,000 people and injury of 5000 per annum but according to study of WHO in 2009 the yearly death is more than 20,000. Worldwide, the number of people killed in road traffic accident each year is estimated at almost 1.2 million, while the number injured could be as high as 50 million.Road traffic injuries constitute a major public health and development crisis, and are predicted to increase manifold gradually. With the number of vehicles rapidly rising in developing countries, road accident is quickly worsening in low and middle-income countries and is on its way to becoming the third leading cause of death and disabilities as epidemic by the year 2020 (WHO 2000) after two deadly diseases Ischaemic heart disease and Unipolar major depression. The total number of road traffic deaths worldwide and injuries is forecast to rise by some 65% between 2000 and 2020, and in least developed and developing countries deaths are expected to increase by as much as 80%.Another statistics revealed that Bangladesh has one of the highest fatality rates internationally in road accidents, over 100 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles.Some US government departments campaign in 1997, encouraging the removal of the word â€Å"accident† from the traffic management vocabulary and suggested replacing it with the word â€Å"crash.† Because â€Å"Motor vehicle crashes and injuries are predictable, preventable events. Continued use of the word â€Å"accident† promotes the concept that these events are outside of human influence or control. In fact, they are predictable results of specific actions†. â€Å"We can identify their causes and take action to avoid them. These are not ’acts of God,’ but predictable results of the laws of physics†.The profiles of fatal road accidents or crush are, – fatal accidents mainly occur on national highw ays; predominantly involve vehicles hitting pedestrians. The highest number of fatal accidents by far involve heavy vehicles like buses, minibuses and Trucks). The highest number of fatalities per accident occurs when vehicles collide head on and killed predominantly young persons.The causes of Road accident are identified from the studies are 1. reckless driving; 2. over- speeding; 3. over- loading; 4. vehicular defects; 5. lack of knowledge and consciousness of the road users; 6. hazardous roads & road environments; 7. lack of training to the drivers; 8. lack of training of maintenance of vehicles; 9. poor implementation of Traffic rules & regulations; 10.driving under influence of alcohol, drugs etc.; 11. Non use of helmets, seat belts etc.; 12. walk on the roads instead of using the footpath; 13. cross the road without using the foot over bridge; 14. drive the vehicles by helpers instead of Drivers; 15. illegal competition to overtake the vehicle.Studies showed that human behavi oral factors collectively represent the main cause of three out of five road traffic crashes, and contribute to the cause in most remaining cases. Here importance should be given on human behavior from both vehicle operators and users aspects. Interestingly, in all cases people use to blame anyone of participants in the incident. Drivers could be rated as either ‘to blame’, ‘at least partly to blame’, or ‘not to blame’ in any given accident. But there were also many other reasons of accident like  -unforeseen mechanical failure etc.Bangladesh has lack of policy formulation and lack effective vehicle monitoring authority and enforcement forces. Due to lack of vehicle monitoring and regular vehicle maintenance unsafe vehicles run on the roads. Besides poor enforcements of traffic and highway regulations and lack of strength of enforcement authorities are considerably â€Å"promoting† traffic accidents.Various research findings have prese nted strong evidence of an association between traffic conditions and crash probability. For example, vehicle speed has been associated with crashes in numerous studies. The variability in speed and car density increases the likelihood of a crash increases. A higher crash frequency was observed during the peak period and, counter intuitively, with normal weather conditions.The best option to reduce crashes and their side effects has recently prompted research for proactive approaches in order to avoid crash occurrence in the first place. One of the most promising options gaining wide acceptance in recent years is the concept of detecting crash-prone traffic conditions and warning drivers when the likelihood of a crash is high in order to increase their attentiveness, thereby reducing the number of crashes. The study and evidence suggests that when driver attentiveness increases, crashes decline in spite of poor driving and environmental conditions.The measures recommended throughout the world are: 1. avoid reckless driving, over speeding and over loading, 2. defective vehicles can not be derived; 2. provide adequate training to drivers and pedestrians; 3. roads should be properly constructed & maintained; 4. strong implementation of traffic rules & regulations; 5. pedestrians have to use the footpath instead of walking on the road; 6. safe driving without having alcohol, drugs etc. must be ensured; 7. Use foot over bridge or zebra crossing while passing the road;.8. Utilize helmets, seat belts, etc.; 9. 100% concentration is required while driving the Vehicle etc and 10. Massive awareness campaigns  for public awareness of the road safety.The awareness and training of all participants can reduce road crush to a significant numbers. It is possible through education of pedestrians, particularly children, women, aged on safe practices when near the road. The education of drivers, particularly heavy vehicle drivers, about road rules and safe driving practices is a must for a country like Bangladesh.The enforcement of laws is very poor in our country. An increased enforcement of Regulations regarding unsafe vehicle condition and others are demand of the day. The increased enforcement of law and regulations regarding reckless or dangerous driving is a must for Bangladesh.One the other hand, rationalization of inappropriate activities on, adjacent to or near the road is crying need of the time. Roads and highways are use for Bazar, parking, cross road passing and use of highways by slow moving vehicles creates risk of accidents. There must be provision of facility where appropriate for conflicting road uses. Improvements of narrow and deteriorated bridges, culverts and lanes in the highways are a must.The appropriate provision of road signs and pavement markings throughout the network, and removal of any obstruction to the placement and effective vehicle regulation is very essential for all roads of the country.The road infrastructures need s afety audit and safety conscious planning of new road may be taken immediately. A small changes or improvements in road layout and use of roundabouts and treatments of roadway shoulders can improve road efficiency. The Intersection designs of flaring, channelization, traffic islands etc. may be incorporated and provision for and augmentation of adequate pedestrian facilities. Treatments of roadside hazards lie trees, ditches, other fixed objects like electric pools, Gas meter /stations should be well planned to avoid obstruction on the road.There may be provision of special facilities for non-motorised vehicles and designated truck/bus lanes and installation of delineation devices (lane  markings, guide posts, chevrons) to facilitate and guide traffic movements. Control device for over speeding and dangerous undesirable overtaking including traffic calming measures. Compulsory helmet use for motorcyclists and effective enforcement of laws and sanctions against alcohol impaired dri vers and compulsory use of seatbelts by motor vehicle operators and car occupants including child should be effectively enforced.Bangladesh has a moderately written Motor Vehicle Ordinance 1983 providing for non-bailable detention and capital punishment for reckless driving and silent killings on the roads. Such law is not only for punishment of offender drivers but it should be a regulatory law for providing safe road but unfortunately the law is perceived for punishment of drivers.Currently drivers are tried under Sections 304 (A), 304 (B) and 279, all bailable. While one can be given five years under the first section, the offenders can be awarded the highest three years’ jail in the remaining two sections.The civil society and some organizations campaigning for safe road if fact also demanding amendment of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) and the Penal Code as well as Motor vehicle Act to penalise the rash drivers of motor vehicles to ensure road safety in the country a nd to enhance the road crush as offence for capital punishment without considering other major factors of road crush.The proposed amendment to the section 304 (A) says, â€Å"Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years to 10 years with fine or both.† â€Å"Whoever causes the death of any person, by rash or negligent driving of any vehicle or riding on any public way, not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years to seven years with fine or both,† according to the proposed amended section of 304 (B) of the penal code.The proposed amendment to the section 338 (A) says, â€Å"Whoever causes grievous injury to any person by  driving any vehicle or riding on any public way so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life or the personal safety of others shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one years to five years with fine or both.† Some time police use to file case against drivers under penal code section 302,whichis non bailable and can fetch the death penalty. On the other hand, the Truck drivers association demanded that no case be filed against drivers under Section 302. Driver should not face charges of intentional killing for all the accidents those may be also â€Å"accidental† killing.Drivers have taken one of the riskiest professions to serve the society. The question of professional immunity for unintentional killing is a major concern for drivers. They should be the right of defending themselves for unintentional killing or death for the mistake of victim or defective road or transport etc.The director of Accident Research Institute (ARI) of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) has the observation tha t â€Å"Can we not term it an intentional offence when a driver hits the road with an unfit vehicle, violates traffic rules, like crossing speed limits, changing lanes abruptly, overtaking other vehicles frequently, resulting in deaths?†A road traffic crash results from a combination of factors related to the components of the system comprising roads, the environment, vehicles and road users, and the way they interact. Identifying the risk factors that contribute to road traffic crashes is important in identifying interventions that can reduce the risk associated with those factorsA mere increase of punishments of drivers for all kind of accident cannot serve the purpose of safe journey in the road. The global policy is prevention of road crush not the punishment of drivers, one of the road users. Our problem is failure to implementation of the laws. This is an inefficiency of management. Rather, we should have policy of safer people, safer roads, safer vehicles through impro vement of safety measures and proper education to all road users including drivers and implementation of existing laws.

10 Types of Hyphenation Errors

10 Types of Hyphenation Errors 10 Types of Hyphenation Errors 10 Types of Hyphenation Errors By Mark Nichol I’ve written more than once about hyphens, including this previous post, but it remains a troublesome topic, so I’ll approach it from this direction, too: the categories of hyphenation errors. 1. Omitting Hyphens in Phrasal Adjectives Some phrasal adjectives (including â€Å"civil rights,† â€Å"stock market,† and â€Å"high school†) don’t require hyphenation when they appear before a noun; they’re so well entrenched in the language that no risk of ambiguity exists, and their status is enshrined by inclusion in dictionaries. But when two words team together to describe a noun, they’re usually hyphenated. (Leave them open after a noun, however.) If you can’t find them in your well-thumbed dictionary, attach them and don’t hesitate to link more than two words: â€Å"The company instituted a pay-as-you-go plan.† 2. Adding Hyphens to Compound Words Compound words come in three forms: open (â€Å"sand dollar†), hyphenated (sand-blind), and closed (sandbag). As you see from these examples, compounds including the same particular word are not necessarily treated the same; compounding is a random process related to usage. (Popular treatment of long-hyphenated compounds changes so rapidly that dictionaries change them in new editions to reflect prevailing usage; pigeonhole formerly pigeon-hole is just one example.) 3. Adding Hyphens to Prefixes Prefixes, on the other hand, are almost always closed up to the root word. Exceptions include when the root word is a proper name (pre-Christian) and when the prefix ends and the root word begins with an i (anti-inflammatory). Note, however, that this is not true in the case of e (preempt). Another exception is words beginning with c preceded by co-, because to many people, terms like co-chair look awkward without a hyphen. 4. Omitting Hyphens from Potential Homographs Sometimes, prefixed words that would otherwise be closed up retain a hyphen to distinguish them from otherwise identical-looking words, such as re-cover as opposed to recover and re-creation as distinct from recreation. 5. Omitting Hyphens in Verb Phrases Compound verbs, those consisting of more than one word, are hyphenated (test-drive) or closed (troubleshoot); the dictionary will let you know which form to employ. Note, however, the difference in nearly identical-looking compound verbs and open compound nouns: â€Å"I’m going to test-drive it tomorrow,† but â€Å"I’m going to take it on a test drive tomorrow.† Also, consider the subtle difference between gerunds formed from a hyphenated compound verb that are followed, or not followed, by an object: â€Å"I was spot-checking the report when I found a serious error,† but â€Å"I’m going to do a little spot checking.† 6. Adding Hyphens to Adverbial Phrases Adverbs are not attached to adjectives when they team up to modify a noun: â€Å"The slowly melting ice rendered the river crossing a perilous enterprise.† However, the presence of an adverb does not negate the need for a hyphen in a phrasal adjective that follows it: â€Å"Hers was an eloquently sharp-tongued response.† 7. Adding Hyphens to Prepositional Phrases Phrases telling the reader to do something in which the first word is a verb and the second is a preposition are not hyphenated: â€Å"Sign in at the registration table.† (The phrase is hyphenated, however, when it modifies a noun: â€Å"Go to the sign-in table.†) 8. Adding or Omitting Hyphens When Referring to Ages or Physical Dimensions When a person is identified by their age with the phrase â€Å"seven-year-old,† for example, the phrase is hyphenated whether it modifies child, boy, girl, and so on or the noun is implied. (Note that two hyphens are necessary and that, for the spelled-out form of a two-digit number, three are required: â€Å"twenty-seven-year-old.†) However, the constituent words are unattached when the phrase follows the noun: â€Å"The child is seven years old. By the same rules, words describing an object’s physical dimensions are similarly linked: â€Å"Cut the eight-foot-long board in half.† Note, again, that all the words describing the length of the board are attached: If the final hyphen is incorrectly omitted, the reference to a board that is eight feet long is erroneously changed to describe a long board with eight feet. 9. Omitting Letter Spaces When Using Hyphens When you see a hyphen followed by a letter space, don’t assume the space is an error. â€Å"The assignment is a 2,000- to 5,000-word essay† is correct; word has been omitted after the first number because it is implied by its presence after the second number. (This usage is called suspensive hyphenation.) 10. Confusing Hyphens and Dashes Many publications, for the sake of simplicity or because the producers don’t know any better, use single hyphens in place of em dashes or double hyphens (the less aesthetically pleasing alternative that is frequently employed online). But they look stubby and ugly, and this crime against aesthetics is compounded when letter spaces around them are omitted, producing abominations such as â€Å"The key-and this is important-is to keep stirring constantly.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadOne Fell SwoopWood vs. Wooden

A Christmas Carol Vocabulary Study List

A Christmas Carol Vocabulary Study List In his popular story, A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens uses the musical term stave to indicate the chapters. Dickens was known, on occasion, to use clever terms to describe the sections of his books. For example, in The Cricket on the Hearth, he calls the chapters chirps. To modern readers, stave might not be the only unfamiliar term in A Christmas Carol. You can refer to the following list of terms, separated by chapter, to help understand the text and grow your vocabulary. Some of the words may be familiar, but others are no longer in common usage. Stave One: Marleys Ghost Dickens begins his novella by introducing the miserly Ebenezer Scrooge, his poor clerk Bob Cratchit, and the ghost of Scrooges late partner, Jacob Marley. The ghost tells Scrooge he will be visited by three spirits during the night. Ironmongery - a store that sells iron works  Unhallowed - something unholyResiduary - the person entitled to the remainder of an estateRamparts - anything that acts as a barricade  barricade  Entreaty - a sincere requestTrifle - something of little valuePhantoms - spirits or illusionsIntimation - a suggestionMorose - a bleak outlook  or attitude  Impropriety - something improper or inappropriate  Resolute - a determined outlook  Homage - to pay public respect or honor somethingOminous - to give an impression of doom or imply bad things will happenFacetious - to treat something serious with a deliberate lack of careBrazier - a portable heater that uses lighted coalsSolitude - to be aloneMisanthropic - disliking people in general and having an anti-social bad attitudeGarret - a room just under the roof of a house thats usually very small  Congenial - a pleasant or friendly personalityPhenomenon - a fact or situation which is unexplainedIrresolution - to be uncertainTran sparent - something that is see-through or fully explained Caustic - bitter sarcasm  Waggish - playful or mischievous humorSpectre - ghost or vision  Remorse - to deeply regret somethingBenevolence - well-meaning and kindApparition - a ghost or other human-like spirit  Dirge - a funeral song Stave Two: The First of the Three Spirits The first spirit to visit Scrooge is the Ghost of Christmas Past, who shows him scenes from his lonely childhood and a broken engagement to a lovely young woman because of his greed. Opaque - something that is unclearPreposterous - absurd or ridiculousPerplexed - confused  Endeavored - tried hard to achieve  Recumbent - something laying downFluctuated - to irregularly rise and fallSupplication - earnest beggingVestige - a small trace of something that is no longer hereExtraordinary - something unusualCondescension - an attitude of disdainful superiorityCelestial - part of the heavensTerrestrial - relating to the EarthAgitation - nervous excitement  Avarice - extreme greedTumultuous - a confused excitement  Uproarious - provoking a loud sound or laughterBrigands - a member of a gang of thieves  Boisterous - a noisy or energetic crowd or a loud stormOnslaught - a fierce attackDespoil - to steal violentlyIrrepressible - uncontrollableHaggard - looking exhaustedIrresistible - unable to resist Stave Three: The Second of the Three Spirits Ghost of Christmas Present visits Scrooge and shows him the happy holiday scenes in his town, including in the home of his clerk, Bob Cratchit. Despite being poor and having a crippled son (Tiny Tim), Cratchit and his family rejoice in the holiday spirit. Apprehensive - hesitant or fearfulSpontaneous - performed on impulseCombustion - burningConsolation - comfort after a disappointmentPredicament - a difficult situationCapacious - roomy  Artifice - a clever device to trick someoneScabbard - a sheath for a weaponJovial - happy and friendly  Parapets - a low protective wallApoplectic - to be overcome with angerOpulence - to show extreme wealth  Demurely - to do with modesty  Conspicuous - to stand outHeresy - a belief that goes against the teachings of the Christian churchPenitence - showing sorrow or regretRebuke - sharp disapprovalOdious - extremely repulsive Stave Four: The Last of the Spirits The final spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, is a silent, dark figure, who shows Scrooge a dismal future and death of a greedy man who turns out to be Scrooge. His clerk, meanwhile, grieves the loss of his young son. Terrified, Scrooge begs the spirit for mercy and promises to change his life. Shroud - a burial wrappingPendulous - loosely hanging downExcrescence - an unpleasant addition  Latent - hidden or dormantResolution - a firm choice not to do somethingSlipshod - carelessCesspools - a storage unit for liquid waste Stave Five: The End of It Scrooge wakes up with a new, joyful outlook on life, grateful for a second chance. He surprises everyone with his cheerful greetings. He donates money to the poor, sends a turkey to the Cratchit home, and attends his nephews Christmas party. He further shocks the Cratchits by giving Bob a substantial raise and acting as a second father to Tiny Tim. Extravagance - a lack of restraint in spending wealthIllustrious - well known or respectedArray - a range of a type of thingFeign - to pretend to be affected by somethingMalady - an illness